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Exploring Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structures

This worksheet guides you through the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, enhancing your understanding of cell structure, function, and evolutionary significance.

Building a Foundation

1. Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? (1 choice)

Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell wall
Cytoplasm

2. Describe the primary differences between the genetic material of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells? (multiple choice)

Single-celled organisms
Smaller size compared to eukaryotic cells
Presence of membrane-bound organelles
Lack of a nucleus

4. List two examples of organisms that are classified as prokaryotes and two examples of organisms that are classified as eukaryotes.

Prokaryote example 1

Prokaryote example 2

Eukaryote example 1

Eukaryote example 2

Your answers will be evaluated by AI for key concepts, not exact wording. Focus on main ideas.

Comprehension and Application

5. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells? (1 choice)

Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Energy production
DNA replication

6. Which of the following statements are true about eukaryotic cells? (multiple choice)

They are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
They contain multiple linear chromosomes.
They have a defined nucleus.
They reproduce only through binary fission.

7. Explain how the presence of organelles in eukaryotic cells contributes to their complexity compared to prokaryotic cells.

8. If a scientist discovers a new single-celled organism with a nucleus, which category does it most likely belong to? (1 choice)

Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Virus
Archaea

9. In which scenarios would you expect to find prokaryotic cells thriving? (multiple choice)

In extreme environments like hot springs
In the ocean
On the surface of leaves
In the human gut

Analysis, Evaluation, and Creation

10. Analyze the following statements and select those that explain the evolutionary advantage of eukaryotic cells over prokaryotic cells. (multiple choice)

Faster reproduction rate
Larger size allows for more complex structures
Ability to compartmentalize functions
Greater genetic diversity through sexual reproduction

11. Compare and contrast the cell wall composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and discuss how this affects their environmental interactions.

12. Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to the evolution of a new eukaryotic species? (1 choice)

A prokaryotic cell forming a biofilm
A eukaryotic cell adapting to a new environment through genetic mutations
A prokaryotic cell acquiring a new plasmid
A eukaryotic cell undergoing mitosis

13. Design an experiment to test the effects of a new antibiotic on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Describe the steps you would take and the controls you would use.

14. Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can form multicellular organisms? (1 choice)

They have a simpler structure.
They can perform photosynthesis.
They reproduce faster than prokaryotic cells.
They have specialized organelles that allow for complex functions.

15. Evaluate the impact of antibiotics on prokaryotic cells and select the statements that are true. (multiple choice)

Antibiotics can disrupt cell wall synthesis.
Antibiotics can inhibit protein synthesis.
Antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic cells.
Antibiotics can cause mutations in eukaryotic DNA.

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